Generation Of Computers

I Generation Computers
(1946 to 1959)

• Vaccum tubes were used for internal operations.
• They gave rise to heat and reliability problems.
• Magnetic drums were used for memory.
• Punched cards were used for input and output.
• Machine language was used.
• Low level languages were used for programming.
• High Power.

Ex: UNIVAC, ENIAC


II Generation Computers
(1959 to 1965)

• Transistors were used for internal operations.
• Magnetic core was used for main memory.
• Magnetic tapes and disks were used for main memory.
• High level language like COBOL, assembly like TRAN.

III Generation Computers
(1965-1971) 

• Integrated circuits were invented Jack Kilby in 1958.
• The IC combined 3 electronic electronic components onto a small disc made of quartz.
• Integrated circuits on silicon chips were used for internal operations.
• Micro Computers were intoduced.
• Emergence of software industry.

Ex: IBM


IV Generation Computers
(1971 to Present)

• Microchips/Microprocessor.
• Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip technology.
• Thousands of IC's were built onto a single silicon chip.

V Generation Computers
(Present and Future)

• Artificial Intelligence tries to stimulate human behavior, thinking and reasoning.
• Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.
• Expert Systems.
• Natural language processing.
• Speech and vision recognition.